The 'Replacement' Chief Executive's Two-Year Term: A Pure and Unambiguous Common Law Analysis

Commentspublished_or_final_versio

The 'Replacement' Chief Executive's Two-Year Term: A Pure and Unambiguous Common Law Analysis

Commentspublished_or_final_versio

Assessment of treatment response in tuberculosis

Antibiotic treatment of tuberculosis has a duration of several months. There is significant variability of the host immune response and the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic properties of Mycobacterium tuberculosis sub-populations at the site of disease. A limitation of sputum-based measures of treatment response may be sub-optimal detection and monitoring of Mycobacterium tuberculosis sub-populations. Potential biomarkers and surrogate endpoints should be benchmarked against hard clinical outcomes (failure/relapse/death) and may need tailoring to specific patient populations. Here, we assess the evidence supporting currently utilized and future potential host and pathogen-based models and biomarkers for monitoring treatment response in active and latent tuberculosis. Biomarkers for monitoring treatment response in extrapulmonary, pediatric and drug resistant tuberculosis are research priorities

Porphyry copper enrichment linked to excess aluminium in plagioclase

PublishedPorphyry copper deposits provide around 75%, 50% and 20% of world copper, molybdenum and gold, respectively1. The deposits are mainly centred on calc-alkaline porphyry magmatic systems2, 3 in subduction zone settings1. Although calc-alkaline magmas are relatively common, large porphyry copper deposits are extremely rare and increasingly difficult to discover. Here, we compile existing geochemical data for magmatic plagioclase, a dominant mineral in calc-alkaline rocks, from fertile (porphyry-associated) and barren magmatic systems worldwide, barren examples having no associated porphyry deposit. We show that plagioclase from fertile systems is distinct in containing ‘excess’ aluminium. This signature is clearly demonstrated in a case study carried out on plagioclase from the fertile La Paloma and Los Sulfatos copper porphyry systems in Chile. Further, the presence of concentric zones of high excess aluminium suggests its incorporation as a result of magmatic processes. As excess aluminium has been linked to high melt water contents, the concentric zones may record injections of hydrous fluid or fluid-rich melts into the sub-porphyry magma chamber. We propose that excess aluminium may exclude copper from plagioclase, so enriching the remaining melts. Furthermore, this chemical signature can be used as an exploration indicator for copper porphyry deposits.The project would not have been possible without the financial and logistical support of Anglo American, including former and current staff: J. Coppard, V. Irarrazaval, M. Buchanan, E. Liebmann, R. Mattos Pino, E. Centino, J. Andronico, R. Mauricio, D. Fernando and J. Zamorano. J. Spratt (Natural History Museum, London) and S. Pendray (University of Exeter) are thanked for EPMA support and thin section preparation, respectively. K. Cashman (Bristol University), S. Hesselbo, J. Pickles and S. Broom-Fendley (University of Exeter), and reviewer J. Richards (University of Alberta), are gratefully acknowledged for comments on the manuscript

The 'new contribution to knowledge' :a guide for research postgraduate students of law

postprin

Lecture notes for LLAW6022 Advanced (Legal) Research Methodology

During this course, we are going to create an entire new book tailored to your needs as an RPG student. It will fill a large, 2-ring loose-leaf binder. It will, in the end, contain much more information than we can possibly discuss in class. Hence, it is both a course text and syllabus, as well as a resource for the future. This book has grown out of a long-established traditional class in Advanced (Legal) Research Methodology (ARM) at the University of Hong Kong (HKU) Faculty of Law, Department of Law. It is a required class for all Research Postgraduate (RPG) Students in law, but it often includes undergraduates, non-law students, students from other universities, and many others who want to learn more about sophisticated legal research techniques. My first encounter with the class was as an RPG student when I started my PhD studies in 2001. The teacher was Professor Jill Cottrell, whose book, Legal Research: A Guide for Hong Kong Students, is still a standard work on the subject and is now being revised and updated.1 In following semesters, I had the privilege of team-teaching the class with Jill, and these pages reflect much of her influence and pedagogical philosophy. Her text is still one of the foundational sources for the ARM course, and I assign it for two reasons. First, it teaches the skills of basic legal research. Second, and just as importantly, it is jargon-free. Jill writes with simplicity and springboard lucidity—skills I want my RPGs to see and practice. I also team-taught the class with Professor Michael J. Dilena for one semester, and his counsel on “how to get a PhD” is also reflected here. As was the practice of both Jill and Michael, I invite guest lecturers to share their personal experiences and wisdom (we call them “war stories”) with each class. Among our regular guests have been Fu Hualing (department head) and Albert Chen (my own PhD supervisor)—of the HKU Faculty of Law—and they have all told us some tremendous (and often harrowing) war stories. I thank all of them.published_or_final_versio

Antagonistic interaction networks are structured independently of latitude and host guild

Peer reviewe

Summer time Fe depletion in the Antarctic mesopause region

We report common volume measurements of Fe densities, temperatures and ice particle occurrence in the mesopause region at Davis Station, Antarctica (69°S) in the years 2011–2012. Our observations show a strong correlation of the Fe-layer summer time depletion with temperature, but no clear causal relation with the onset or occurrence of ice particles measured as noctilucent clouds (NLC) or polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE). The combination of these measurements indicates that the strong summer depletion can be explained by gas-phase chemistry alone and does not require heterogeneous removal of Fe and its compounds on ice particles